A major change

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Upper secondary vocational qualifications were reformed in 1999-2001. The Ministry of Education decided that all three-year programmes in vocational education and training shall include six months of practical training in a genuine working environment. This is called on-the-job learning, which emphasises a change in the character of conventional practical training. On-the-job learning is a focused, supervised and assessed study in accordance with the educational objectives determined in the curriculum. On-the job learning is carried out in service or production capacities at the workplace. Training instructions are planned and implemented co-operatively by the educational institutions and employers.

Objectives of on-the-job learning
  1. employability
  2. better correspondence of education with working life
  3. to introduce the rules and operating methods of working life
  4. to promote young people's immediate job placement
  5. to consolidate vocational competence
  6. to enable exchanges of teachers and experts
  7. to strengthen the attractiveness of vocational education and training
Main features of on-the-job learning
  1. all qualifications include on-the-job learning periods of minimum 20 credits (compares to half a year) out of 3 years of studies
  2. focused, supervised and assessed studies, based on the curriculum
  3. carried out at the workplace, method of learning, schools and workplaces are partners
  4. based on a written contract between the training provider (the educational institute) and the workplace
  5. a prerequisite for making a contract is that the workplace has a sufficiently high volume of production or services, a wide range of tools and other facilities and the qualified personnel needed to provide training in accordance with the relevant national core curriculum.
  6. the contracts specify the tasks of the parties, the organising of supervision for students, possible remuneration paid to the employer as well as the goals, core contents, duration and timing of studies. The occupational safety of the students is a matter of special concern.
  7. as a rule, on-the-job learners do not have contracts of employment with the employers.
  8. the student is entitled to the normal welfare benefits of the students (instruction free of charge, free meals every working day, financial aid, housing supplement and study grant, government-guaranteed loan, subsidised travel expenses, in case the school has hall of residence, accommodation is also provided free of charge)
  9. the employers' expenses for the students are normally not covered by the public finance but there are no legal restrictions to agree on them between the partners
  10. VET-institute is responsible for the for finding a suitable enterprise for the on-the-job training period
  11. Educational institutions determine the details of their own curricula on the basis of the national core curricula. This includes determining which components of each study programme are to be learned at workplaces and how supervision and assessment are to be arranged.
  12. Based on the objectives of the vocational study modules as defined in the core curriculum and on the provisions governing on-the-job learning, the institution plans the timing, objectives and arrangement of on-the-job learning. The plan is prepared in co-operation with representatives of local employers and allows for the needs and capacities of local and regional working life.
  13. The objectives, learning assignments, duration and timing of each training period, and the procedures for student assessment are determined by the student's personal study plan or by a joint training plan signed by the student and by representatives of the school and the workplace.
  14. Assessment of workplace training periods is the duty of the job of the teacher responsible for the instruction together with the on-the-job instructor or trainer appointed by the employer. Students have the right to obtain information on assessment criteria and their application.
Impact of internationalisation

Internationalisation aspects of vocational education and training aim to improve the quality of education and training and to make Finnish education and training and working life known in other countries. This should increase the international readiness of teachers (particularly language skills), improve the conditions for the student mobility, increase the number of study and on-the-job learning periods abroad, and participate actively in European cooperation.

Growth into internationality is one of the seven common emphasised objectives mentioned in the national core curricula for upper secondary vocational education and training. The objective of the growth into internationality is for students to manage in a multicultural environment and to be tolerant and capable in languages, in order to participate in student exchanges and to find placements in the increasingly international labour market.

In upper secondary vocational education and training, the compulsory language subjects are native language (Finnish, Swedish: 4 credits), another national language (Finnish, Swedish: 1 credit) and a foreign language (2 credits).

It is also stated in the core curriculum that the student can complete part of his/her on-the-job learning abroad. This opportunity is provided under the 1999 school legislation (Act 630/1998 on vocational education). Students also have the right to be accredited for their previous studies at other institutions when the objectives and key contents of the studies are in line with the curriculum. In practice, this means that studies taken abroad can be included in overall studies.

Finnish national board of education
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